NPD

National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) Founded: 28.11.1964 in Hannover Place: Berlin Koepenick Past Chair: Friedrich Thielen (1964-1967), Adolf von Thadden (1967-1971), Martin Mufignug (1971-1990), Günter Deckert (1990 -1996), Udo Voigt (1996) National Executive: Udo Voigt (party chairman since 1996), Holger Apfel (Deputy Party Chairman), Ulrich self-field (deputy party chairman and secretary-general), Jürgen Schön (Deputy Party Chairman), Erwin Kemna (Federal Treasurer ), Klaus Beier (Federal Press Officer), Manfred Boerm, Alexander Delle, Jürgen Gansel, Stefan Koester, Martin Lau (NHB Chairman), Uwe Leichsenring, Stefan Lux, Peter Marx, Caroline Nightingale, Friedrich Preuss, Sasha Roßmüller (JN-Chairman) Frank Schwerdt (Director), Doris Zutt membership of 6     000 (1999), 6,500 (2000), 6,500 (2001), 6,100 (2002), 5,000 (2003) Development and ideology officials of the "German Reich Party" joined on 28 November 1964 in Hanover, along with other radical groups on the right-wing parties "National Democratic Party of Germany'.      Friedrich Thielen took over as Chairman, Vice Chairman, Adolf von Thadden. From a total of sixteen and eighteen-member leadership team had a right-wing past, eight were born in October 1952 from the forbidden Socialist Reich Party (SRP). Chief ideologue of the party was the former head of the Nazi Reich Training-Student Association and a professor at the  "State University 'Strasbourg, Ernst Anrich. Beginning of the year 1969, the youth organization Young National Democrats (JN) was founded. In July 1969, it came during a meeting in Frankfurt am Main to excesses of "security service" (OD) of the NPD. 1970 wrecked NPD members, the district office of the DKP in Dusseldorf.      At times there were 27 criminal investigations against members of security service pending. Two NPD officials were arrested for weapons smuggling. Also in 1970 14 members and officials of the NPD on suspicion of forming a criminal organization were arrested and the offense against the Arms Act. These were also members of the radical right-wing secret organization "European Liberation Front" (EBF). In the context of the party were formed more militant groups. Quotes". The jobs are first awarded to German      businesses that continue to employ foreigners must pay special levies. "(from a NPD type)" Germany must again become German. "(NPD type)" Of course We are unconstitutional, we want a different social order "(Uwe Leichsenring, managing director of the NPD district party Saxon Switzerland) Summary:.. The NPD is currently the most influential right-wing organization in Germany. The only far-right NPD party, it has managed to establish itself in the new federal states.      membership increases after 1990 they could record, especially in the east. Despite the exclusion of Steffen Hupka from the party and publicly declared demarcation strategy of the "liberal nationalists" said Holger Apfel is still at least a "partial cooperation" ready, as he in an interview with the "Deutschen voice "August 2001 declared. In addition to the topics "anti-imperialism", "Globalization", "Iraq-war" and the participation in the social protests of the reform package "Hartz IV" was also seen increasingly a solidarity of the NPD, with Palestinian groups. According to the constitutional protection of the NPD is still against the free democratic basic order and fight them off. The VS 1999 report noted a "close affinity" of the NPD's programmatic to National Socialism and also put a "aggressive, racist xenophobia certain" fixed. Also pursuing the NPD anti-Semitic agitation and trivializing the Nazi crimes to the denial of the Holocaust.      Also in the report for the year 2003 of the Federal Office for Protection of the Constitution states, the NPD hold "unchanged at their open, aggressive and belligerent hostility to the liberal-democratic basic order set". They also strive for a "restoring the German Reich'

The Demographic Change In Germany

Short statement about the birth data from 1970 - 1990: The German population is aging and shrinking. Only slowly creeping this process in the public consciousness has moved. High international migration gains and the number of births boomers have moved in the 1980s and 1990s to look for the scale downsizing process for decades. Because since 1970 the number of children per woman is one third below the 1.4 value of 2.1 that would be required for conservation. With each new generation that lacks a third more potential mothers. Introduced only as a drastically declining birth rate in the new countries to the closure of kindergartens and schools, the impact of population growth was a major political and technical attention. The demographic change in general: Demographic change is one of the biggest challenges for the future of our country. As the challenge proves to be less long-term population decline in Germany - according to the latest population projections from the current 82 million to 75 million people in 2050 - but rather the aging of the population, which brings our social security systems in difficulty and after long-term adaptation strategies demands. aging population means that the composition of the population moves more and more towards older people. Decisive here is not a growing number of older people, but a growing proportion of older people in the population. As the latest model calculations show the population, the proportion of people aged 65 and older increased from 17.1% today to 29.6% in 2050, at the same time, the proportion of very elderly (aged 80 and older) increased to about 12% and thus more than tripled. The demographic aging in Germany is not new, but a development that has been around for over 100 years in progress. The causes are the long-term changes in fertility - particularly the decline in births in 1900 and around 1970 - and the continuous increase in life expectancy. The increased life expectancy was initially the result of the decline in infant and child mortality. Today, the increasing life expectancy of the elderly for this general increase in life expectancy is responsible. terms of life horizon of individual generations of population aging is an irreversible process, because it is created in the current age structure of the population already. Thus, the pensioners of 2050 are already born, their number is certain more or less. Rising birth rates and immigration in the current magnitude can mitigate the process of demographic aging only, but not reverse. The impact of demographic aging are most evident in the pension systems, which are based in Germany on a so-called "generational contract". For her performance, it is crucial to the so-called "EDRs", which means the numerical ratio of people of retirement age as a potential recipient to people of working age. Assuming the retirement age from the current average age at retirement from 60 years and places than people of working age, the 20 - and based on 60-year-olds, then there is currently a dependency ratio of 44, which means for every 100 people of working age are currently 44 people of retirement age. The elderly dependency ratio will rise to the model calculations of the Federal Statistical Office, 2030 up to 71 fast and by 2050, further to 78. Since pension benefits are ultimately generated and financed by the workers have a long-term adaptation of pension systems will be essential. A favorable development of the old age dependency ratio would be expected if you have a retirement age of 65 or 67 years ago laid the basis (see 10 Coordinated Population Forecast). Then the dependency ratio would rise to 2050 to only 55 (retirement age at 65) or 47 (retirement age at 67). Demographic change means not only the aging of the population, it also change the forms of cooperative coexistence. The "social institution" of the marriage and the family disappears but not marry and have children but is no longer elected by nearly the entire population as a life model. Even today, remains a third of all unmarried women and men. The proportion of singles, single parents and unmarried couples has increased in the age group of 35 to 39 years in which they lived through a part of the family phase, to 30% (women). The consideration of this age group is chosen, for example to younger people living alone, who have no children or partners, or older single people or couples whose children have already left the household, ruled out. More than 30% of all marriages end in divorce and the close link between marriage and cohabitation with children begins to dissolve. Sun 27% of all children born to unmarried women are housed.

Mother Theresa

Mother Theresa is like no other person for acts of charity. In Calcutta, she has cared for the poorest of the poor, the dying and lepers. Of countless people around the world she is revered, and many see it as a modern saint "The Saint of the Gutters". Your commitment to human dignity has been honored in 1979 with the Nobel Peace Prize, she was also as an outspoken critic of all forms of abortion, a controversial person. She founded the Order "Missionaries of Charity" is now active in many countries around the world. your life Mother Teresa was born on 27 August 1910 was born as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhio in Skopje, now the capital of the independent Republic of Macedonia. Gonxha (flower bud) grew up in a wealthy Albanian-Catholic family. She was brought up by their parents very religious. When she was ten years old, her father died unexpectedly, she devoted herself more then their faith. At the age of twelve, she opted for a life as a nun. This request was followed by her consistently and so they asked the age of 18 years for admission to the Loreto Order. This order is engaged with its members, particularly in education in Bengal / India. She could not immediately begin its work in India, but was first called to the headquarters of the Loreto Order in Ireland. On 28 September 1928, she traveled from Skopje to Ireland. After two months she was allowed to fulfill her wish and join the Loreto Order in Bengal. In Calcutta, she took her first vows. She then worked 17 years in the St. Mary's School in Calcutta. First she was a teacher, then she was promoted to director. On one of her many trips through the city of Calcutta million in 1946 she felt God's calling to help the poor. Only two years later, she received permission to leave the Order. Theresa was exhaustible, that they could leave the order without giving up their status to nuns. Henceforth, Theresa lived among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Calcutta. A now-famous portrait of her in LIFE magazine brought her the nickname "Saint of the Gutters" field. It was in 1949 and established itself become an Indian in 1950 the Order "Missionaries of Charity". The members of this order had to agree to celibacy, poverty and obedience. Later, the Order was recognized by the Pope, and under his control. Theresa took care of her religious especially the dying, orphans and the sick. Their special commitment, however, was in the care of lepers. Today, more than 3,000 nuns and 500 monks in over 100 countries around the world to the Order of Mother Theresa. For her selfless work she has received numerous awards. . The most important was undoubtedly the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 on the general lack medical training for their employees would Mother Teresa be replied". not success, but the dedication to faith is important" In addition to worldwide recognition for her work, she was honored for her conservative ideology criticism. They saw in the abortion policies of many countries, the "greatest threat to world peace". As should be matched in Ireland over whether divorce should be legalized, she said the Irishman at tempted to vote against. A few days after the death of Princess Diana, whom she very much regretted, Mother Teresa died on 5 September 1997. With great compassion to the world she was buried in Calcutta.

Kolkata - city of misery and joy

Mother Teresa helped the poorest of the poor. Of these, there have been abundant in Calcutta. This equally fascinating and chilling city forms the background for the work of Mother Teresa's charity. The following two texts give an impression of Calcutta: Calcutta - a city in crisis \ "Why not write a poem about a bunch of shit that dropped him as God and called Calcutta How abound, stinks and is alive and growing.. \ "Günther Grass, was the source of these words is not the only one who has led the former capital of British India to its aesthetic, moral and mental limits. As early as the first governor-general in Calcutta, Robert Clive, saw in it the most corrupt place in the world. Mahatma Gandhi described it as a dying city, and also for the Indo-Caribbean writer VS Naipaul's Calcutta a city without a future, if he writes. "All of their suffering is the suffering of death I do not know of any other city that would be even more hopeless. "Almost every depiction of a great metropolis of the so-called Third World could be the subtitle" Wearing a city in crisis". But with few other cities, the notion of poverty, sickness, misery, death, decay and despair is so closely connected as to Calcutta, the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. The culture shock of experiencing the Western visitor is overwhelming - in every sense of the word, because capture misery and chaos of Calcutta all the senses. That may have helped to have television, writers or journalists probably more often reported than other cities of Calcutta - much to the displeasure of the Indians, who complain that the West mainly the negative aspects of their country are highlighted. They also saw the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Mother Teresa, who by then was in India largely unknown, with mixed feelings, she turned it the world's attention on the dark side of Calcutta, and the film adaptation of a French bestseller, the life in the slums described from Calcutta, was prevented by the government at first, then demanded so many changes from the original book that hardly anything was left. More sensitive to respond even Kalkuttaner - Kalkuttaner here with the Bengali middle class and the intellectuals are meant. When Rajiv Gandhi, Calcutta is a dying city and called it reproduced the impression of many Indians, he ignited a storm of indignation and day-long debate in Parliament from West Bengal. The Kalkuttaner really love their city and take the dilapidated dwellings, the oppressive narrowness, lack of water, the dirt, the daily power cuts, overcrowded transport through the final decades of disgraceful resignation. For them, Calcutta is the Most Indian cities of all. This Calcutta, is before us today demonstrates the intractable problems of urban development in the Third World was, until independence and partition of India to London's second largest city of the British Empire, the largest and richest city in India, its main port and its most important industrial center. It was the colonial city par excellence, the bridgehead of the British in India, has been exploited by the from the hinterland, even to the benefit of the Indian elite in Calcutta. The impoverishment of the hinterland and the population explosion drove an impoverished rural population in the city. The stream of immigrants, after the partition of India by the refugees from eastern Bengal intensified. But the economy stagnated in the city and offered no more new jobs, which was already delicate balance of population and life opportunities in the city destroyed. Originally intended by the British for more than a million people, the nightmare of Calcutta today is bursting at the seams. Within 30 years the population grew from 4.4 million in 1961 to over 12 million today, As in a lake that can not accommodate too many foreign substances introduced, it came to tipping over Calcutta. The dramatic consequences of this explosive mix of population explosion and economic downturn meet one day at every turn. Calcutta with Delhi is one of the seven cities of the world with the worst air pollution. The murderous, hot and humid climate together with the exhaust-filled air has resulted in nearly half of all people suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases. Leaded as the air is also the drinking water because the pipes of the municipal water system dating back to the previous century. However, only half of the population is connected to the grid. Sewer, there are only in the city center, so that each year are flooded during the monsoon season the roads interspersed with floods of excrement. As excited every day several times a collapsing power grid by now no longer occur. Most depressing, however, the consequences of overpopulation hopeless. On a square kilometer, more than 30,000 people jostling. Two-thirds of the population live in Calcutta's official, government-recognized slums, known as bustees. For the equivalent of about 5 dollars a month to live in primitive huts made ​​of mud, corrugated iron and old wooden crates. This can be in the slums often tightly knit network of social bonds and at least a few of these people but sanitation are among the privileged. Below are the squatters who live in deplorable conditions as wild settlers in fabric and plastic sheeting manufactured homes, which they set up for the night on house walls. At the dirtiest in the truest sense of the word but it's the nearly one million people who own other than a tin can at best a dreckverkrustete mat. On the sidewalks, in doorways, under ox-cart, next to piles of rubble and open channels between rats and mangy dogs they eke out their existence. Noise, odor, mass poverty and the known hot-headed temperament of Calcutta Bengalis have made ​​it a seething cauldron. Nowhere is the mood as aggressive as charged here. And yet! Calcutta, this nightmare city, they seem to quiver with life. Optimism, vitality, humor, creativity characterize the philosophy of life of the Bengalis, and you think this love of life, in the face of disaster, to feel almost physically. Nowhere in India is partying more and laughed so intense and controversial debate. What Bengal thinks today is doing, tomorrow the whole of India, is an Indian proverb. The home of the first Indian Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, the city of the philosopher Ramakrishna, Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo, a stronghold of the Indian intellectuals and revolutionaries is known as cultural and art capital of the subcontinent. Nowhere more artistically ambitious movies are made, hundreds of literary magazines, which are also read hundreds of theaters, mostly with amateur actors, an annual book exhibition with two million visitors, the vast majority of Calcutta, and very many of them, which is not a book can afford. In short, a spiritual life than in any other Indian city. No matter how often Calcutta in recent decades even the downfall has been predicted, the Bengalis are proud of their capital. city of misery and joy at small coal fires women cook in tin cans with rice, children rummage in garbage cans for vegetable scraps, mangy dogs and big black Birds waiting for something falls for them. On the streets of sifting battered cars, scooters and rickshaws rattling through the stuffy Smogluft. Calcutta, capital of the Indian Union State of West Bengal is a sea of misery. And the stream of immigrating from the surrounding poor does not stop. No one knows exactly how much population the largest and youngest city in India. At least there are probably eleven million, added every day about 2000 people who are looking for a spot on the crowded sidewalks. Amidst the poverty, the Mother Teresa on Saturday buried 1949, the house of their order \ opened "Missionaries of Charity". The nun was hungry a hot meal, a bed and dying - what it was most important - it gave them compassion and concern for their fate. The house of the Order is in a gray stone building next to the temple as the notorious bloodthirsty goddess Kali. Previously people were sacrificed to her, and today Hindus burn in front of the temple on the banks of the Hooghly, a tributary of the holy river Ganges, their dead. After calibration, the former fishing village Kalikata named, said the first time a Bengali poet 1495th From the village grew, the port metropolis of Calcutta, founded in 1690 by the British as a branch of the East India Trading Company. From 1773 to 1912, Calcutta, capital of British India. During the colonial period began, the economic rise of the city. English stately buildings with Indian elements, such as the Victoria Memorial, developed. Most of the former mansions, however, are now in ruins. In the hope of finding work, since 1914 more and more rural residents moved from the suburbs into the city. A great flood of refugees broke in on Calcutta in 1947, when Muslim Pakistan (East Pakistan is now Bangladesh) is separated from severe bouts of India. Calcutta is not only a "dying city", as she called Rajiv Gandhi, prime minister of the last Nehru-Gandhi dynasty once. Calcutta is also the center of Indian intellectuals and the artistic avant-garde. In the "City of Joy" was the French writer Dominique Lapierre, who wrote in his best-selling novel in the slums, he would have so much love, compassion and happiness as found nowhere else in the world

Hitler's early years (1889-1918) Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April1889, the son of a customs official in Braunau am Inn, born in Austria. He grew up in Braunau, and Passau, Linz and surrounding areas. Two years after the death of his father in 1905 he broke off a visit to the school without a diploma. From 1905 to 1907 he lived without education and without the exercise of a profession with financial support from his mother in Linz. In September 1907, Hitler went to Vienna to attend the general school of painting at the Academy of Fine Arts. He failed, however, twice in the entrance examination. In Vienna, he led the life of a bohemian and described himself as a writer and painter. In contrast to his views in 'Mein Kampf', he did not have to hire themselves out as laborers. He lived after the death of his mother in December 1907 of a pension as well as from donations from his family. From 1908 to 1913 he lived in homeless men and dormitories. During his time in Vienna, Hitler came up with extreme anti-Semitic and nationalist ideologies in contact. With the internalization of such ideas grew his aversion to Marxism and liberalism. In 1913 he moved to Munich in order to escape the Austrian military service, but had to return to the pattern when he was tracked down by the Austrian authorities in Munich. Declared unfit, he signed up a year later volunteered for the front. Since the beginning of the 1st World War II, he served as a volunteer in the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 as a messenger. His military rank never exceeded that of a corporal, but he was awarded the Iron Cross of both classes. The war experience influenced Hitler decisively. The military hierarchy should be its guiding principle, find the experience of communion in his conception of the national community. From the conclusion of the armistice, Hitler learned, temporarily blinded by poison gas, in November1918 in a hospital in Pomerania. Following a widespread opinion that he understood the surrender as a stab in the back by Jews and Marxists. The political rise of Hitler remained after the end of World War II, Hitler first in the army, which appointed him for the training of nationalist soldiers and as political informants. In this function he attended in September 1919 Meeting of the German Workers' Party (DAP). A little later he was picked up and quickly developed into its assembly speaker and head of propaganda. In February 1920, the DAP named the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in order. Hitler had now as drummer of the party and formed them in a short time to his parte to the Hitler movement. At rallies and mass meetings, he agitated against demagogic sent the Treaty of Versailles and against the Weimar Republic. He gave his party's very popular. On the 29th he was elected chairman Juli1921 the Nazi Party, and he was given dictatorial powers. On 1/2 September 1923 Hitler founded in Nuremberg, together with the retired general, Erich Ludendorff, several right-wing groups fighting the German Confederation. With this alliance, Hitler made ​​on 8 November 1923 attempt to gain power in Bavaria and overthrow by a march on Berlin, the Reich government. The hoped-for support from like-minded Bavarian government Ritter von Kahr was made, however, and the coup was put down in front of the Munich Feldherrnhalle. NSDAP and SA Völkischer observers were banned. The treason trial for this incident (from 26 February until 1 April 1924), Hitler used propaganda for himself and his party. The judgment of 1 Of April, only five years imprisonment fixed. Hitler was already on 20 Released in December 1924 ahead of the Fortress of Landsberg am Lech. During his imprisonment, wrote the first volume of Hitler's "Mein Kampf". In this and the end of 1926, conceived the second volume of Hitler formulated his central goals and beliefs: anti-Bolshevism, radical anti-Semitic and the creation of habitat in the East. "Mein Kampf" had already reached very high volumes before 1933. The objectives were published in it, however, strongly underestimated. On 26 February 1925 and re-established in the Nazi Party, Hitler took over the lead. He built successively from its leading position in the party. In the Reichstag elections of the 14th September 1930, the Nazi Party won 18.2 percent of the vote. Just a day after the election, Hitler declared that he would fall one day the power of self, and that by legal means. On 11 October 1931 joined the NSDAP, DNVP and other right-wing groups to Harrisburg Front together. The alliance was indeed politically because of many differences between the party leaders hardly effective, but Hitler was of interest to the industry. In March 1932, Hitler ran for the kingdom of presidential elections, but lost in the first round with 30.23 percent of votes in the second round with 36, 68 percent of the incumbent Paul Von Hindenburg. In the elections to the Reich stag on 31 July 1932, the Nazi Party, not least because of the economic crisis, with 37.4 percent for the largest fraction. A government involvement, but Hitler refused, because he himself wanted to take over the government. In the elections of 6 November 1932, the Nazi Party but lost about four percent, but remained the strongest force. On 30 January 1933 Hitler was supported by former Chancellor Franz Von Paten, the president appointed Reich Chancellor. Hitler and the Nazi regime, the new government were at first only three National Socialists. These were in addition to Hitler, Hermann Goering and Wilhelm Frick. He succeeded in a short time to establish a dictatorship. The first occasion offered to the Reich stag fire of 27 February 1933. Located on the occasion of Hitler's 28th president February adopted legislation to protect people and the rich set permanently in the Wiemar Constitution guaranteed the fundamental rights suspended. Even in the night of 28 February began a major wave of arrests, the Communists fell, intellectual leftists, socialists and anarchists to the victim. The Law to Remedy the Distress of People and the Reich on 24 March 1933, the so-called Enabling Act, created by the abolition of the separation of powers, the basis for the establishment of an authoritarian, focused on Hitler's system of rule. At the same time advised the SA to the first concentration camps to detain political enemies. After the elimination of political opposition, Hitler turned under the so-called Röhm putsch on 30 June 1934 the intra-party opposition as if he read murder with the help of SS and Reichswehr in a bloody campaign Ernst Roehm and other leading SA men. By the Act of 3 July was the action subsequently declared a state of self-defense to be lawful. The SA lost to their independent status and the SS, Hitler was directly subordinate. After the death of Hindenburg, Hitler was born on 2 August 1934, and became President of the Reich Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor. The army was now on him and not sworn to the Constitution. After completion of the uniformity of the countries, organizations and political parties focused on Hitler's foreign and racial policies. The Nuremberg Laws of 15 September 1935 called on to discrimination and persecution of the Jews in the Reich Pogrom Night of 9 November 1938 escalated for the first time. In foreign policy, Hitler initially aimed at a revision of the Versailles Treaty, and thus to restore Germany's power position in Europe. His first success in this area was for a referendum in January 1935, the Return of the Saarland to the German Reich. It was followed by the reintroduction of compulsory military service in May 1935 and a massive rearmament of the Wehrmacht. The military occupation of the demilitarized Rhineland on 7 March 1936 remained unpunished by the victorious powers of World War II. In October 1936, the first four-year plan came into force with the aim of ensuring the viability of the German army and war economy within four years. 1936 Hitler, Franco military assistance rendered in the Spanish Civil War. The end of 1936 was the establishment of the Berlin-Rome Axis between the Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini and Nazi Germany. Before high Wehrmacht officers, Hitler put on 5 November 1937, his risk policy and concretized his foreign policy plans, which were all aimed at the creation of habitats in Europe. First goal should be the union of Austria and the overthrow of Czechoslovakia. With this plan, however, Hitler provoked the opposition of the War Minister Werner von Blomberg and the Army Commander in Chief, Werner von Fritsch. Under certain circumstances, both constructed in early 1938 in the wake of the Blomberg-Fritsch crisis were dismissed. In order to remain in power, the Wehrmacht, Hitler took over on 4 February 1938 even as the head of the newly created Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW), the supreme command. His aggressive foreign policy was favored by the appeasement policies of the European powers, especially Great Britain. Sun succeeded in unimpeded on 12 March 1938, the annexation of Austria, and on 29 September 1938 with the Munich Agreement, the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany. When Hitler on 15 March 1939, occupied in violation of the Munich Agreement, Bohemia and Moravia and to explain the Protectorate left, he had gone over so visible to anyone on an imperialist expansionism. For their protection, he completed on 22  Mai1939 with Mussolini, a military alliance, the Pact of Steel, and 23 August 1939, surprisingly a non-aggression pact with Stalin. It contained shared secret supplementary agreement of Eastern and Central Europe into a German and a Soviet sphere of interest. The attack on Poland on 1 September 1939 finally broke out of the 2nd World War when Hitler declared its goal to create living space in the East and the solution of the Jewish question in Europe.    Even at 31 January 1939, Hitler announced in a speech to the Reichstag, the destruction of the Jewish race in Europe as part of a world war, as well as in the heavily influenced by him, anti-Semitic propaganda film "The Eternal Jew". The Second World War with the so-called successful blitzkrieg against Poland (1st September 1939), Denmark and Norway (9 April 1940) and the Netherlands, Belgium and France (May 10, 1940), the German army, Hitler moved to his side. In preparation for the attack on the Soviet Union, he issued on 13 March 1941 an OKW directive for the establishment of task forces and on 6 June 1941 so-called command-Commissioner for the treatment of the political commissars of the Red Army. In both commands to show the aims of Hitler: The management of a racial and ideological war of extermination. Was no opposition from the military on 22 June 1941, the attack on the Soviet Union. SS-Einsatzgruppen began immediately thereafter in the occupied territories with the systematic extermination of Jews, Gypsies and other racial and political undesirables. When the German advance slowed in the late autumn, Hitler took over on 19 December 1941 even the command of the army, and even more certain now, the individual military operations. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, told the German Empire, allied with Japan since 1940 in the Tripartite Pact on 11 December 1941 U.S. war. Hitler tried this step, a defeat of Japan and the concentration of the U.S. war on Germany to prevent the Soviet Union but to beat yet. A delusion From late 1942, early 1943, a German defeat began to emerge more clearly. The defeat at Stalingrad marked the turning point in Februar1943 the Eastern war. However, he left the war and the industrial murder of the Jews to continue. 20th Juli1944 failed to assassinate the military resistance groups were organized, and the domestic terror intensified again. As the end of his millennial kingdom was in sight, he ordered on 19 March 1945 with the Nero command the destruction of vital production, since in his view had failed the German people and had thus forfeited its right to exist. On 29 April 1945, Hitler appointed Admiral Karl Donizetti to succeed, and wrote his political testament. He pointed to the need for the extermination of European Jews. On 30 April, he took with his wife Eva Braun in his bunker of the Reich Chancellery in Berlin life.

Economic Policy

In the Federal Republic, we are faced with the need for comprehensive reform. The implementation of necessary reforms and a further rise of prosperity are only possible with a growing economy and healthy finances. But this government has a difficult legacy of economic policy adopted that forced to act quickly: Since yesterday, the parity of the D-Mark is improved by 8.5 percent. The external security tax on ways was finally lifted.
We will meet the requirements of the law to promote the stability and growth. This law, one of the major reform achievements of the 5th German Bundestag obliged to act if the economic situation is at risk. This duty had been neglected since the spring of 1969.
The decision of the Federal Government of 24 October ended a period of uncertainty and eliminate the fundamental imbalance in our balance of payments. External side, we thus have a decisive contribution to liberalize world trade and stabilize the international monetary system.
domestic economy will dampen the appreciation of the price development in 1970. However, more would have been achieved if the previous federal government had acted in time. The highlight of the price for this failure may develop even before we have.
Without appreciation would be a further deterioration in economic conditions, with the risk of a subsequent recession was hardly avoidable. Our goal is to stabilize without stagnation. This goal is our economic and fiscal emergency program. It includes: A fiscal policy that promotes a gradual reorientation of the goods offered on the internal market through. Further consultation with the Bundesbank on one of the new situation after the DM revaluation appropriate line of the monetary and credit policy. the continuation and intensification of the established cooperation with the unions and business associations in the framework of concerted action that will bring together in the future, representatives of agriculture. The intensification of cooperation between federal, state and local authorities in the Business Cycle of the public sector. Active participation of the federal government for stronger coordination of economic and financial policy in the Member States of the European Community and the necessary development of the international monetary system. The appreciation of the Deutschmark get a compensation of income required for agriculture. Our commitment to the German farmers, we need to bring the Rome Treaty on the common market in line. The Council of the European Communities has recognized that the income loss of German agriculture must be fully compensated. After hours of discussion, it was decided in today's morning hours as follows: At the request of the German delegation, a transitional arrangement was made ​​for the duration of 6 weeks. During this period, the prices for the previous parity is maintained and secured by a border adjustment system. After this period, the agriculture income compensation. This compensation may partly offset by a change in the VAT law will be brought about. How this happens in detail, it is this House must advise shortly. The rest is covered by direct compensation, in which participate the Community. The Council of the European Communities will meet soon again to determine the details of the long-term settlement . Unfortunately, the Council has put forward several times and with great emphasis the request of the Federal Government, the current price level by a border adjustment system has to maintain in the long run, is not complied with. Our partners in the EEC and the Commission took the view that in the light of the common agricultural policy and the Common Market would be called into question. This compromise clearly shows that a conflict between the far-ahead-driven integration of the agricultural market and the lack of coordination of economic - and monetary policy is. A further development of agricultural policy within the EEC must therefore be in the future more in line with progress in economic and monetary policy. It remains the goal of the federal government, the national ownership of the agricultural structural policy to obtain. During the needed structural improvement of agriculture must be avoided that a policy of price pressure is being operated. The early realization of the common agricultural market has exacerbated the internal problems of adaptation of the German agriculture is essential. We therefore consider it to be inevitable, the agricultural sector to help in overcoming their difficulties. You should become a part of our modern economy sibling who takes part in the general income and wealth creation in its entirety. This emergency program is a clear offer of the Federal Government to all who wear our economy. A steady economic development is the best foundation for social progress. It creates the climate in which to develop private initiative, risk taking and performance. It secures the jobs, rising incomes and protects the growing savings from exhaustion due to price increases. In the long term stability and growth can be achieved only in a functioning market economy. Effective competition, both internally and externally is and remains the surest guarantee for the performance of a national economy. All protectionist tendencies in the issue at home and abroad, we clearly reject. Act against Restraints of Competition will be modernized. Corporate concentration, while necessary in many areas. But it should not lead to the elimination of effective competition. Therefore, a preventive merger control is required. This should cover all sectors of the economy. The establishment of an independent commission monopoly may to be an important tool. The control of abuse of dominant market positions and strong market must be expanded. In contrast to the performance enhancing cooperation between medium and small enterprises in trade and commerce will be facilitated. You must not fail on the Prohibition of Bagatelle. The small-and medium-sized businesses have a right to equal starting chances in the competition and to provide effective protection against discriminatory practices. The merger will also apply to the press. The government intends to submit a press law, under the law. On television, new technical possibilities are used to best benefit the company, especially for educational tasks, but in each case the interests of the public are to secure a priority. An improved anti-trust law has become an instrument of effective and progressive middle-class policy. On this basis, further measures to improve financing opportunities for the expansion of consulting services and to the operating independent pension build up to the self. to focus on the economic and social policies of this government is striving for a specific asset policy. The wealth creation in large sections - especially employee-owned - is woefully inadequate and they must be reinforced strongly. The Federal Government will present a draft for the expansion of the Capital Formation Act. It should be increased to DM 624, the next step of the favored setting for saving schemes of 312. The federal government expects to acceptance by unions and employers' organizations that offer. In addition to the wealth creation will be designed so that at the same time the accumulation of capital in the economy and the system can be relieved in equity values. A non-consensual forced savings does not correspond to our free society. According to the intention of the government to save the in-operation in promoting the overall savings involved and the possibilities for building savings to be expanded. More suggestions for property policy, particularly in connection with promotion of the necessary reform of the savings will be examined. The improvement in the protection of depositors and the reform of the exchange system are important accompanying measures. Lasting security can not exist in a developed society only through change. It will be seen more clearly in the seventies. the permanent economic and social change is a challenge to us all. It can not be mastered without the initiative of the individual. The initiative, however, need the support of the policy. We can be no society of vestigial talents. Everyone must be able to develop his skills. The affected people should not simply be left to their fate. Conscious of the responsibility for the economic future of our country in the seventies, we will take care of particularly intensive education and training and research and innovation. This applies in particular to reduce the still existing educational gap between urban and rural areas. I am sure that we mobilize in this way considerable reserve capacity of our society and improve the chances of each can.

Hyderogen Prices in world

Time and again, the public called astronomical prices for hydrogen, for example in the article 'fuel from the reactor bacteria' (SZ, 25 1), about 23 DM for a lot of hydrogen, which corresponds to the energy content of a liter of petrol. The hydrogen is obtained by means of solar energy from water. price Incorrect calculations In our view, the above costs are based on calculations with a small series of photovoltaic modules, custom made ​​of electrolyzers and operation of research facilities. But this is einunlauterer benchmark: No one would buy such a car, which consists of specially made ​​parts - then it could cost that is easily a million DM. But no sooner has invested in the market introduction of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, it becomes a self-perpetuating and Germany to become the second largest user and a major exporter. You can apply to the case say the other renewable energy sources: 'We have not even seriously tried . Hydrogen is cheap by-product in the chemical industry produced gaseous hydrogen partially as a by-product that is no longer used for other chemical production processes. This hydrogen (about one billion m3 per year), which is now either recycled internally thermally or simply vented into the environment would, at a price from 0.44 to 0.72 DM per liter of gasoline equivalent energy for applications such as coupled electricity and heat generation using fuel cells available. For use in the automotive market, he would have to be compressed further and would then cost 0.87 to 1.59 DM per gasoline equivalent. Cheap generation of hydropower and biomass is the liquid hydrogen with inexpensive electricity generated (eg from Canadian hydroelectric power plants), there is the free-port of Hamburg today at around 2.25 DM and from 1998 to around 1.80 DM per liter BzÄqu. amount. Tank manufacturers hydrogen from biomass can in a few years ago with the help of the water vapor pressure gasification between 0.87 to 1.74 DM per liter BzÄqu. costs. Particularly for agriculture and forestry, this environmentally-neutral hydrogen production on site will be very interesting medium. In comparison, the hydrogen production from algae and bacterial systems, which will be discussed in the SZ article, it is assumed that the long term hydrogen for 2.18 DM per liter BzÄqu. can be prepared.

Fighting Tecniques

Some martial arts fighters wear colored belts to indicate their rank. Beginners wear a white belt. Then the ranking followed by yellow, orange, green, blue and brown. A black belt indicates the higher degree of combat experience at various levels. The steps are as Dan black belt (Japanese for "degree") refers. The first Dan or first degree black belt is for the beginner level of black belt. The fifth Dan or fifth degree is a master. Kung Fu (Chinese boxing) is the next most popular martial art karate. Kung fu leg kicks, punches, throws, body turns, evasive movements, hand grips, positions Duck and fast high-jumping, jumping and rolling, cartwheels and flips are used. These movement techniques are more often than Karate open hand used, such as brackets and tearing movements. When jujutsu (from Japanese "soft") using the fighters hand grips, choke holds, throws, lever handles , kicks, and atemi (strikes to sensitive parts of the body). These techniques are gentle only in so far as they serve to ward off an attack or to bring under control. Severe or fatal injuries. Judo is a popular, now also widely used in Europe Asian martial art in 1882 by Japanese educator Dr. Jigoro Kano developed from jujutsu. In judo fighters trying to put their opponents off balance, with special techniques to throw on the floor and holding techniques, locks and strangleholds to move to surrender. Judo was recorded in 1964 in the program of Olympic sports. Aikido is a form of self-defense, such as Judo was developed in the last century from jujutsu. Aikido differs from one to the attacks of the enemy by flowing, circular movements and uses its momentum to put him off balance, to throw him to the ground and hold it with lever handles. Aikido is next to Tai Chi Chuan, the gentlest martial art and is not operated as a competition. Tai Chi Chuan, known under the name of Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese form of struggle and physical education in China and elsewhere, mainly because of their health and concentration-enhancing effect is exerted. Tai Chi consists of slow, graceful movements and stylized forms of arm and leg joints. Taekwondo is a martial art that originated in Korea. The opponents using kicks, punches and various evasive techniques. Taekwondo is particularly known for its typical jumping and kicking techniques, which are also called "air shocks". In the sixties, has spread from the sport of Korea over the world. The first World Taekwondo Championships were held in 1973 in Seoul (South Korea) instead. In sumo, a popular Japanese sports competitions occur, exceptionally well-built men against each other and try to push each other out of the ring or throw to the ground. The rules prohibit kicking, mock attacks, pulling hair and the like, however, are actions such as pushing, pulling, hitting, throwing and holding allowed. Kendo is a Japanese martial art that has evolved from the swordplay of the samurai. The opponents are using a long bamboo batons. A special armor to protect different parts of the body.

Celestial objects and related stars

The Northern Crown has 23 stars. The brightest of them, with 2.2 m of Gamma, the Latin word for precious stone, but is also called Alphecca. This is relatively light, as the average - brightness of the stars of the Northern Crown at 4.87 m. The second brightest star in the Northern Crown is the Kansan with a brightness of 3.7 m. These two stars have named only as names and not only, like the other 21 stars, after the Greek alphabet. When the 23 stars of the Northern Crown, the striking, almost all of the weaker section of the brightness are classified. Thus there is only one star in the category of 2.0 - 2.9 m is classified. Also, only two fall into the category of 3.0 -. 3.9 m However, the same 7 stars found in the category 4.0 - 4.9 m. The largest number is the 13-star category 5.0 - 5.9. M (replace map of constellations of the Northern Crown) I. Named Stars: The Gamma / Alphecca (5, a CrB) is about 80 light years away from the sun. It's like I said, the brightest star of the Northern Crown, and is also bluish - white The Kansan (2, CrB b) is about 114 light years away from the sun and as said above the second brightest star in the Northern Crown II Doppelsterne1: 2 hr 5.6 m / 5.9 m , the star system 59 light years CrB hour away. In this system, two yellowish shining star to move in only 41.5 years, about a common center of gravity. Quite separate to the two stars, you need a medium telescope of 15 cm aperture 8 g CrB 4.1 m / 5.5 m , the g system is approximately 200 light years away and consists of two bluish - white stars 7, z CrB 5.0 m / 6.0 m , the System z CrB is 450 light years away III. Variable stars: R CrB 5.7 m - 14.8 m , the brightness of this variable star fluctuates. It reaches a maximum brightness of 5.7 m and can be seen just with the naked eye. If, however, their brightness in the minimum drops to 14.8 meters, you need a very large telescope for the observation of this star. These wastes are due to brightness emitted clouds of soot. T CrB 2.0 m / 10.8 m , T Corona Arboreal is about 2,000 light years distant recurrent nova 2 in the Northern Crown. With its normal brightness of 10.8 m, it is very faint, however, reached during the outbreaks in 1866 and 1946 a magnitude of 2.0 m. In short, the Northern Crown is a small constellation that can be observed on spring sky. It consists of 23 stars, the brightest is Gamma, also known by the name Alphecca. It is surrounded by the three constellations Hercules, Bootes / boat and the snake. In mythology it is said that it is the crown of the Cretan princess Ariadne, but there are many different stories. With its area of 179 square degrees, it is relatively small and is ranked 72 of the list of the 88 recognized constellations.

Something about Moon

1.1 What is the moon? The moon is the only natural satellite that orbits the earth. He moves in its orbit at a distance of 384400 km in the middle of the earth. Its orbital period is about 27.3 days. The Moon is a world without atmosphere, with a diameter of only 3     is 476 km, about one fourth as large as Earth. The mass of the moon, which is in contrast to the Earth is very low, 7,35.1022 kg. The mean daily temperature on the moon measures about 107 ° C. 1.2 The rotational motion of the moon. During its orbit around the earth, the moon is once around its axis, that     is, the lunar orbit and the lunar rotation are consistent over time. The consequence is that the Earth's Moon always turns the same side. The shape of the rotation is called tied rotation. Moon's orbit. The train on which the moon moves around the Earth is almost like a circular ellipse. near earth the point of the path is called perigee (356410 km away), the erdfernsten apogee (406740 km away). True motion. The orbital period of the Moon around the Earth takes 43 min 11.5 s 2d This process is known as a sidereal month. During this period the earth has moved in its orbit around the sun at about 27 degree, ie,      that the moon is still not back with the sun and the earth in a straight line. Stand up to the Sun, Earth and Moon back in alignment still take a little more than 2 days. Thus the name of this 29d 12h 44min period of 2.9 s synodic month. The motion of the Moon from night to night is visible for us is that he moves about 13 degrees from east to west. Moreover, the shift is about 50 minutes later by the apparent rise and set times. Apparent motion.      During one evening, the moon moves from east to west. This motion is the apparently faked by rotation of the earth from west to east. The moon reaches through its daily circulation, only about 50 minutes later, the one and the same spot on the horizon. Second creative development of the lunar exploration has always been the moon, the natural satellite of the earth, the people are familiar with. Our ancestors in the plains of Africa are likely to have thoughts made ​​about the mysterious light in the night sky, about as big as the sun, but not nearly as bright is the first indication of the mountains on the moon by the Greek philosophers Democritus ( 460-370 BC). The first albeit sketchy representation is the visible structures of the Moon from Galileo Galilei (1609). Many scientists including Johannes Hevelius and Giovanni Riccioli wrote the first usable card in 1651 which were already the darker regions as seas (Mare, Maria plural) and the crater named after philosophers and astronomers. This system is recognized, however, only since the 19th Century.      thousands of detailed drawings of mountains, craters and wall planes were made ​​by Johann Hieronymus Schroeter (1778-1813), who discovered many lunar valleys and grooves. The first lunar atlas gave Wilhelm Beer and Johann Heinrich Madler published in 1837. The quality of the cards in the 1960s was much better. In preparation for the Apollo project, a mapping of the Lugar Orbiter probes were made ​​from a lunar orbit. Today's most accurate maps date from the 1990s through the Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions,. The Soviet probe Lunik 3 provided the first pictures of the moon back.      In 1979, the first lunar meteorite discovered in Antarctica, the origin of the moon, however, was not recognized until some years later. Now we know more than two dozen others. The man on the moon during the Cold War took the U.S. and the USSR in the 1960s, an unprecedented race for manned lunar landings, but were carried out by the United States. On 21 July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first of 12 astronauts in the Apollo project to set foot on the moon, but the program was due to the very high costs after six successful missions, in 1972 reinstated. Cost saving was similarly effective but the Russian lunar rover Lunachod.      During the late 20th Century has been repeated speculation about a return to the moon and the establishment of a permanent lunar base, but only after announcement of U.S. President George W. Bush and NASA in early 2004 to draw from specific plans. Accordingly, the U.S. plans in 2018 to send four astronauts to the moon. Third practical part-moon observation log-15     10:05 In the upper figure is clearly the apparent orbit of the moon (shown here during one hour) from east to west can be seen. The observation took place at 19.00 on 15:10:05 by 20 clock or     clock instead of 00. The observation site was in Rostock / Toitenwinkel. Protocol was 16:10:05 The next day, clearly the true motion of the Moon (shown here in the period of 24 hours) using the records of the previous day from west to east to watch. The observation took place on 16     instead of 10:05 clock at 19.00 or at 20.00 clock. The observation site was in Rostock / Toitenwinkel.

Art - Color and Light

The discovery of the English physicist Isaac Newton that white sunlight can be broken by a primate in spectral or rainbow colors decrypted, the phenomenon of color perception. colors are light waves of different wavelengths. The color of an object depends on what proportion of absorbed light waves from its surface and is reflected. A banana appears yellow because it reflects only the yellow rays of light, all other colors of light, from which it is exposed, but absorbed. artificial light, the lack of sunlight at night, or the refracted light let in water colors appear to be changed. Human eye with receptors for color vision (cones) and for black and white vision (rods) equipped. color theories: 1) Johann Wolfgang Goethe: he calls the "sensory-moral" effect of the colors tested on humans. He hit the taste of his time, who felt particularly by "sensitivity". Goethe also noted that the different colors give special moods. In his color wheel, he takes yellow, blue and purple as primary color. Is, however, it depends on how you mix the colors, for example. The combination of yellow and green has always something to Community cheerful, blue and green always some communities disgusting 2) Johannes Itten designed a color wheel. In the middle a triangle with the three primary colors (primary colors): red, yellow and blue, which can not be produced from a mixture of other colors. This triangle is in a hexagon. In the remaining triangles are the respective mixing colors (secondary colors) of the primary colors. So green, orange and violet, To the hexagon is a circular ring, divided into 12 departments. In these sectors are in the appropriate places, the colors of the first and second order, with between a field always remains free. In this field there is the mixed color (tertiary color) of the primary and secondary color that is: . yellow-orange, orange, red violet, blue violet, blue, green and yellow-green after Itten these colors are referred to as "blunt" or "unclean." The colors follow the order of the rainbow and the Spektralfarbenbandes. 3) Philipp Otto Runge. In Itten's color wheel is missing some colors, such as earth tones Therefore, a second order system required: Runge developed a paint ball, a kind of globe with a · Blacks (South) and a white (north) pole. · In the "equator" are the 12 pure bright colors. · can be inside the ball imagine a gray scale of values, which from the North to go South Pole. · If an imaginary horizontal section at the equator show gradually the mixture values ​​of two contrasting colors. · Upwardly (white), the colors are always bright and towards the bottom (black) they are getting darker (turbidity). · If we imagine a diagonal line through the center of the circle, so combining these two complementary colors. · The classification system for the . color ball covers theory, all brightly colored and achromatic colors · The ball has 7 parallel strips, which are crossed by 12 meridian. Many other artists dealt also with the laws of physics and psychological effects of color, such as: Eugene Delacroix, Vincent van Gogh, Georges Seurat Wassily Knadinsky color contrasts: 1) Color-in-itself contrast: The basic colors give each other the strongest expression of color-in-itself contrast. 2) cut-off k: It is a primary contrast and is used to clear differentiation. 3 ) cold-warm-k: This contrast is based on subjective feelings. Ex: orange is considered as hot Green Blue is cold , a neutral will result in gray called complementary colors 4) 2 pigmentary colors mixed together. 5) Simultank. If an optical complementary contrast. For a given color forms in the brain while the opposite color. 6) A solid color looks on a white background, dark and small and on a black background is brighter and larger. 7) QUALITY:. . a contrast between bright and turbid color is 8) Quantitätsk.: After Itten, the quantity contrast refers to the size ratio of two or more areas of color. effect: Yellow: Violet - 1: 3 Orange: Blue - 1: 2 Red: Green - 1: 1 Color blends: 1) Additive color mixing: The addition of two or more colored light sources creates a new light color. If you mix together, for example red, green and blue, there are pink, light blue and yellow. The additive mixture results from the "white" light. 2) subtractive color mixing: . arises when you take away from a light source by filtering or absorbing radiation energy if you 2 color filters in front of a white light source moves, we get at, for example: Blue + Yellow = Green 3) Optical Color Mixing: This refers to the mixture of small and very small, mosaic-like ink particles, which are next to each other and are mixed only in the brain. 's condition However, the observation from a distance. Applications: - Industrial multi-color printing - pointillist painting , the color-object relationship in painting , the art theorist Hans Jantzen had in 1913, two different views of the colors: · eigenvalue (symbol color): The colors are not used faithfully, but unrealistic and purely symbolic act of the effect (eg: gold is the embodiment of omnipotence and is meant as a symbol of light). The paint itself should be expressed, and their aesthetic value, its chromatic value, ... For example, it took the painting in the Middle Ages not as a world of materiality, but as a world of spiritual relationships. They turned on the representation of the color value of the minimum requirements and they should also not reflect the natural of what is depicted. · Display value (local or object color): The colors used are realistic. They want to represent the object in its natural state. However, an attempt was not only its color but also its materiality, hardness, density, smoothness ... play as its position in space and light. In a strictly naturalistic silk dress, for example, the impression of color is no longer the main stand, but the viewer will admire the painted cloth, touch touch with the feeling it and be able to. Applications : · Textile Art, Fashion At all times, has color in the lives of the people played an important role in the body painting in early Christian cultures, with clothing, in shaping our environment, ... may the development of specific local color traditions in the textile art, for example, from a regional inventory of plants and minerals that are required for the dyeing depend. . Particularly expensive colors, such as the acquisition of Scarlet, were certain colors to taste better-off social strata are · architecture is the use of color in the architecture of different reasons: Due to color, the importance of the building are emphasized, withdrawn or are simply the decoration. Example: Hundertwasser House · Advertising and Media . color is mainly symbolic value, and a mediator of emotions with certain colors and the product it creates moods, certain consumer groups are addressed. color is the psychological way in photography, in the Massenmeien and in film and television set.

Comparing the political systems of the United States and Germany

United States - an example of presidential Cf Point USA BRD Legislative Conference (consisting of two chambers: the House + Senate) president can veto decisions of the Congress vs. à Congress can insert them with 2/3 majority of pick -budget decision -presidential control of Parliament (consisting of the Bundestag and Federal - to each 298 members) will decide the Bundestag on budget controls-only opposition chancellor and government executive branch President = Head of State + head of government by electors chosen selects ministers (represent government) , Federal Government, as of the ministers and the Federal Supreme Prime Minister is , state governments judiciary -Supreme Federal Court: Judge by the President with the consent of the Congress appointed judges engage in legislation of the Congress - if they declare laws unconstitutional federal appellate courts, federal district courts , the Federal Constitutional Court (member for 12 years in half by the Bundesrat + Bundestag selected) decision on constitutional disputes between federal agencies -can laws declared unconstitutional decision on constitutional complaints unconstitutional party may prohibit , supreme courts, courts of the countries of violence entanglement? -checks and balances, independent of each other separate constitutional bodies controlled Congress President + Minister - checks and balances, but the executive and legislative branches merge into one another opposition (minority in parliament) controlled government majority (Chancellor + Cabinet) federalism -federal government (federal states) , federal government (Landtag) Head of State President: Head of Government, representative, chief administrator, chief of the armed forces, Party Chairman -President: state representative shall, during his employment function in the party down legislative initiative -President + Government have no way of legislative initiatives to bring (only indirectly influence members of Congress) majority in Congress required administration's legislative initiatives (can get through this too because a majority in the Bundestag) separation of mandates -incompatibility v. Government Office + seat in parliament , President + government must not belong to Congress (except for Vice President - Chairman of the Senate) , government officials and members of Parliament discontinuation of government head of Congress can not deduct President (only President is a criminal offense if Congress gemachtàkann Him vs. klagenàSenat relieve it can with 2/3 majority of office) may appeal parliamentary vote of no confidence and therefore dismiss the chancellor by President deposed elections -election to Congress plus choice of 2 different operations president (government = Ministers appointed by the President) + Government-Parliament ordered for 1 choice (government is the result of Parliament)

Republic of Hungary

Since the constitutional amendments of 1989, Hungary is a parliamentary republic and an independent, democratic constitutional state. Parliament after the free elections of 1990, the Parliament in the previous election periods, hundreds of new laws, changes in legislation enacted and legislative decisions are made ​​to the institutions and legal framework embody the democratic rule of law and market economy. For a constitutional amendment and the more important decisions, it requires a two thirds majority. The Hungarian Parliament is in session continuously -. There are two regular sessions, the Spring and Autumn Period , the control activities of the Parliament has the form of questions, interpellations and parliamentary committees. The independent monitoring bodies of the Parliament: The State Audit Office and the Parliamentary Commissioner for Civil Rights (Ombudsman). The Court was established in 1990, gives the Ombudsmen since 1995. The President, the Prime Minister, members of the Constitutional Court, the Ombudsmen, the President of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General are elected by the Parliament. The President The President of the Republic of Hungary by Parliament by secret ballot and by a two thirds majority elected for five years. The candidate must be a Hungarian citizen entitled to vote at the age of 35 years to be. The president signed and promulgated the law, he may adjourn and dissolve Parliament, and he writes from the parliamentary elections. Should the President not agree with a law passed by Parliament does not, he can make before the law was signed by a single veto. The President also has a broad right of initiative. He asked parties to form a government and on his suggestion, the Prime Minister is elected by parliament. He also appoints ministers, state secretaries, generals, professional judges. In some cases, the President may exercise the right of pardon (with the countersignature of the Prime Minister). . The President of the Republic is the supreme commander of the armed forces and has its own powers in foreign affairs , the Government The Government shall exercise the executive power from - that is, it governs and directs the administration at the highest level - with the prime minister holds a dominant role. The Prime Minister is elected by Parliament for the parliamentary majority principle, while accepting the Government's program. The government formation is completed by the appointment of ministers and their oath. The establishment of the ministries is the responsibility of Parliament - the list of ministries is incorporated into a bill. The ministries are headed by ministers, members of the government. The Officers of the ministries are political secretaries and administrative secretaries. capital of the Republic of Hungary is Budapest (1.8 million inhabitants). Population According to the census of 1999 in Hungary, 98.5 percent of the population (10,222,529 people) Hungarian as their mother tongue , so the country can be regarded as a monolingual state. Live since the Peace Treaty of Trianon, more than 3 million Hungarians in neighboring countries, mostly in Transylvania, which belonged to Romania. Together with the other, living in other parts of the world, Hungary is the total number of people living outside the borders of Hungary, estimated at 5 million. According to census data, the proportion of minorities in Hungary is relatively low. The estimates of the organizations of national minorities show higher numbers than the census. This can be explained, among other things, that these organizations consider the descent. According to these estimates in Hungary 200-220000 German (37 511) live 100-110000 Slovaks (12 745), 80-90000 Croats (17 577), 25,000 Romanians (8730), 5,000 Serbs (2,953), 5,000 Slovenes (2627). It also gives Poland (10,000), Greece (3000), Armenians (1500), Bulgarians (about 3,000), Ruthenians (6000), Ukrainians (2,000). The population share of Roma who have no native language is estimated at 400-600000 (142 683). Note: In parentheses are the census data on the use of the mother tongue of the Jahr1990. The processing of new data from the 2001 census is expected to be completed at the end of this year. The Constitution is full equality of all nationalities and a free use of the language allowed. On 7 July 1993 adopted a law on the rights of ethnic minorities. To secure the enforcement of these rights in 1990 the Office for National and Ethnic Minorities was set up. Geography Hungary lies in Central Europe in the Carpathian Basin surrounded by the Alps and the Dinaric Alps. The land area is 93 036 square kilometers, covering about 1 percent of the continent. The total length of the border is 2216.8 km. Of this 655.1 km border with Slovakia, 136.6 kilometers of Ukraine, 448 kilometers of Romania, 621.1 kilometers of the Yugoslav successor states (165.8 kilometers with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | 355.3 km Croatia | 100 km: Slovenia) and 356 miles of Austria. Nearly three-quarters of the land area is a low plain, one fifth is covered by hills (not higher than 400 meters) and less than five percent are low mountain ranges (between 400 and 1000 meters). The highest peak in the country is the peak Kékes (1014 m) in the Matra. The deepest areas are located south of Szeged in Theißtal in Gyálarét (78 m). The Hungarian Plain and the little Lowland areas are flat. The hills of Zala and Somogy and Tolna in the ridge of Transdanubia is a hilly landscape. The mountains of Sopron and Koszeg, the Mecsek, the Transdanubia and the Northern mountains are mountains. Air Hungary is located in the temperate zone at the intersection of continental, oceanic and subtropical Mediterranean climate regions. The weather - especially in the lowlands - because of the relative confinement of the Carpathian basin tends to be dry - and sometimes capricious. The average annual temperature is 9.7 ° C across the country - Budapest 11.2 ° C. The warmest month is July with a normal temperature of 20.0 ° C, the coldest month is January with a normal temperature of -2.1 ° C. On the hottest summer days, the temperature as 33 ° C to 38 ° C reached in colder winters, temperatures of -25.0 ° C -30.0 ° C to occur. On average, the rainfall 470-550 mm in the central parts of the plains and 700 to 800 mm in the central mountainous regions. There are relatively few snowy days. The annual number of sunshine hours varies in 1700-2200. Most of the sunshine is recorded in the regions between the Danube and Tisza, the fewest in the foothills of the Alps and the northern highlands. The annual average wind speed is 2.4 m / sec. Hungary - Economic Hungary since 1997 has catapulted up to one of the first places of the transition states. As recently as 1994 it was internationally acknowledged as a problem debtor country. 1995/96, Hungary introduced a radical austerity package with extremely harsh conditions of the population (including dismantling of the welfare system, drastic cuts in real wages, devaluation of national currency forint), but could pay back to its debt from its own resources. The Hungarian economy is in 2001, further on the stable growth path to which it is pivoted to the crisis in the years 1995 and 1996. It is expected in 2001 in the fifth year, a growth rate of 4.5 percent or more. The principle market-based reforms in all three governments since 1990 was the decisive precondition for the successful and largely completed the transformation of the Hungarian economy. He has offered to foreign investors since the collapse of a reliable framework. Privatisation is largely completed. About 80 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) is now generated in the private sector. Among the Central European transition countries, Hungary has the highest FDI per capita. The central problem of the Hungarian economy, the past two years, lying at 10 percent inflation rate. New is the active role of the Hungarian National Bank (MNB) in fighting inflation, are you with the expansion of the range for the exchange rate of the forint since mid-May 2001 monetary instruments at its disposal. The lower growth of industrial production, due to declining exports to the European Union, and the appreciation of the forint since the beginning of May 2001 to 8 percent are the main causes for the comparison with the year 2000 (5.2 percent) expected to be slightly weaker economic growth. The growth is increasingly supported by domestic consumption. Unemployment fell in the first half of 2001 was back on and - according to ILO criteria - in the 2nd Quarter of 2002 was 5.6 percent. German investments have German business is heavily involved with an investment of 10 billion euro (EUR) Date of change in Hungary, they have made ​​about one-third of all foreign investment in Hungary. Showpiece is the Audi plant in Gyor in western Hungary, in the far invested about EUR 1 billion. In addition to other major German investors (including Telekom, RWE, EON, alliance) but are medium sized (mechanical engineering) company the focus of German investments

Proper Training Leads To A Respectable Job

The Basque Government spent 321.4 million euros to promote employment, a budget "shielded" as the regional president. Lanbide will be a "key part" in the Plan to Fight against Unemployment 2012, and that through the Basque Employment Service, will address the unemployed with personalized attention through counseling, training and mediation. The text also signed today reflects the implementation of new business initiatives and the pursuit of agreements with local agents for a better definition of objectives and performance criteria on the ground that would reduce the unemployment rate. In this sense, Patxi Lopez stressed the importance of the agreement reached between unions and employers because "the collective effort depends on the recovery of our economy and our welfare standards," stated the Lehendakari.

The recent downward revision of economic forecasts in the international and European levels by 2012 International Monetary Fund - for which published just 3 months earlier and the Bank of Spain warned of the global economic stagnation and the resurgence of the crisis. The socioeconomic status of the BAC is determined since 2008 by the deep crisis facing advanced economies, resulting from the misalignment of the global financial system and the threat posed by the poor state of sovereign debt and the difficult adjustment to that has submitted the Eurozone, both of which affect the Basque economy also during 2012.


The Basque unemployment rate has reached 11.2% and, despite job losses taking place for the management of  classroom for hours , it should be noted that the unemployment rate of Euskadi is similar to that of France and half the state average, which is the first major crisis that the Basque unemployment rate does not exceed the Spanish average.In historical perspective, one must also note that the last twelve months of the previous Parliament, according to the PRA, 42,300 jobs were destroyed and the balance of the current term is not positive but it is better. 9,200 jobs have been destroyed.

Given the gloomy economic outlook providing the IMF and the Bank of Spain for the next few months, the Basque Government, Confebask, UGT and CCOO, members of the Social Dialogue Committee, have agreed to redouble efforts in the fight against unemployment and sustaining employment in Euskadi through the development and adoption of the Plan to Fight Unemployment 2012. This Plan strengthens and develops the efforts that had been made in employment, and proposes new measures to combat unemployment during the current year. The agreement reached in the Social Dialogue Committee has great social and economic value, as arising from the consultation between Government, employers and unions, and reaffirms the commitment of the Government and Social Partners to tackle the unemployment problem together and determined from  www.aulasaranjuez.es

If always is, at a time of crisis like the one we live betting on dialogue, cooperation and understanding in finding constructive solutions to help this country face and overcome the challenges faced in employment, represents in itself a noteworthy factor. Not only because we can add energy and effort, but also because it encourages a more effective, coordinated and shared with our current and future needs in this field. It represents, at the same time, the expression and result of many months of working together to promote the employability of our youth, the competitiveness of our businesses and, through them, the overall development of Euskadi, overcoming an adverse situation that requires increase the responsibility of all the contribution, craftsmanship and commitment.

Bolivia Govt. Takes Step For The Public

After filling their pockets and smuggling fuel to neighboring countries Peru, Morales can not continue keeping the fictitious price of gasoline frozen since nationalized the refineries.The magnanimous socialist has no way to cover their costs because, among other things, Brazil, the main buyer of Bolivian cocaine - was tough on drug trafficking, which was the source of additional income of the Indian bureaucrats.

Lula after his long years of president in the result, in the favelas there is no law and that the drug is the main means of livelihood, decided to make good letter just said the continuity of the Workers Party in government.
In his last act violently attacked some sound slums and pointed out to the world as legalistic. He could not hide the evidence of complaints received by his indifference to crime or complicity with drug traffickers.

In Brazil, the mafia is getting bigger and stronger than the state. And anyone who is larger than the largest country in or mais grande do world, or at least in South America, is dangerous. Something similar is happening in Mexico and to a lesser extent in Argentina.The government of La Paz does not have that problem, remains the largest producer and exporter of cocaine in Bolivia. Compete with him tens of thousands of small independent traffickers who have no signs of the dreaded organization, so they are not a threat to Morales.

Despite the string of problems that come up will put you in the place they inevitably turn to the liberals when they see their subsidies can not do that the world is cheap and that inflation does not exist.
The multiplier effect of inflation that causes the increase of fuel, especially when suddenly rising 80%, is devastating to an economy like that of Switzerland. Bolivia is so well managed as the country of cheese, will feel the blow with brutal force.

Plus it can not continue with the demagogic subsidies, Bolivia is running out of gas. Instead of holding stocks for the next 25 years, as calculated lucid socialist managers, they only last for nine more. An error that happens to everyone. Lithium and other minerals that keep the blessed land is in the hands of "the people" who can not exploit and profit. It is forbidden to acquire mines unless the buyer is an indigenous cooperative.

Racism is not just "social justice" in favor of the less fortunate, than not have no money, no knowledge, no infrastructure to produce, can sit in the mountains for centuries without drawing an ounce of wealth. Bolivia is the old tradition of veneration of the misery. He started the countdown to the forest ecologist arsonist, the noted scientist at manhood, theologian exegete of animism, the successful economist Marxist-Leninist, the distinguished diplomat chewer of coca, the deep intellectual player, prolific orator and historian Dr. Honorary Evo Morales. His mentor Venezuelan Hugo, is in the final, with an economic situation worse than it and can not help him.

Noting that Morales went from vandalism picket the government palace, was equilibrated for long. Now it's about thinking and working, and that does not mean much. So the vice president began to take its place, replacing it circumstantially. Unfortunately, in Bolivia circumstantial replacement is more addictive than drugs and more than one sat in the presidential seat for a few minutes to not get up again.

Introduction

hello frnds..m vry happy that i made this new blog..i'll regularly post my views about government issues...thank you